En passant: Special Chess Moves - The En passant move (a special type of pawn capture)

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Enpassant move

Wiki info:

En passant
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the chess move 'en passant'. For other uses, see En passant (disambiguation).
en passant
Ajedrez animación en passant.gif
En passant (from French: in passing) is a move in chess.[1] It is a special pawn capture that can only occur immediately after a pawn moves two ranks forward from its starting square and an enemy pawn that could have captured it had it only moved forward only one square. The opponent captures the just-moved pawn "as it passes" through the first square. The resulting position is the same as if the pawn had moved only one square forward and the enemy pawn had captured it normally.

The en passant capture must be made at the very next turn or the right to do so is lost.[2] Like any other move, if an en passant capture is the only legal move available, it must be made. En passant capture is a common theme in chess compositions.

The en passant capture rule was added in the 15th century when the rule that gave pawns an initial double-step move was introduced. It prevents a pawn from using the two-square advance to pass an adjacent enemy pawn without the risk of being captured.

Contents [hide]
1 Conditions
2 Notation
3 Examples
3.1 In the opening
3.2 Unusual examples
3.3 In chess compositions
4 Historical context
5 Threefold repetition and stalemate
6 See also
7 References

This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.
Conditions[edit]
A pawn on its fifth rank may capture an enemy pawn on an adjacent file that has moved two squares in a single move, as if the pawn had moved only one square. The conditions are:

the capturing pawn must be on its fifth rank;
the captured pawn must be on an adjacent file and must have just moved two squares in a single move (i.e. a double-step move);
the capture can only be made on the move immediately after the opposing pawn makes the double-step move, otherwise the right to capture it en passant is lost.
Example of en passant
Black to move
a b c d e f g h
8
Chessboard480.svg f7 black pawn f6 black cross e5 white pawn
8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
a b c d e f g h
The black pawn is on its initial square. As in typical play, if it moves to f6 (marked by ×), the white pawn could capture it.
White to move
a b c d e f g h
8
Chessboard480.svg f6 black cross e5 white pawn f5 black pawn
8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
a b c d e f g h
Black moved his pawn forward two squares in a single move from f7 to f5, "passing" f6.
Black to move
a b c d e f g h
8
Chessboard480.svg f6 white pawn
8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
a b c d e f g h
White captures the pawn en passant, as if it had moved only one square to f6.
En passant is a unique privilege of pawns: pieces cannot capture en passant. It is the only capture in chess in which the capturing piece does not replace the captured piece on its square.[3]:463

Notation[edit]
In either algebraic or descriptive chess notation, en passant captures are sometimes denoted by "e.p." or similar, but such notation is not required. In algebraic notation, the capturing move is written as if the captured pawn advanced only one square, for example, bxa3 (or bxa3e.p.) in the first example.[4]:216

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/En_passant

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